在英语中,根据语法形式或者句子结构,我们可以把英语句子分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句是指只包含一个主谓结构,而且句子的各个成分都只有单词和短语表示。这个主语或是谓语可能是一个由并列连词连接的成分,而且修饰语和短语也可以加进来。也就是说,如果一个句子里出现两个或更多并列的主语共同使用一个谓语,或一个主语后面接两个或多个并列的谓语,或者两个主语后面接两个谓语,我们都应视其为简单句。---摘自张道真《实用英语语法》。
简单句的结构虽然简单,但是它对于分析句子结构和组成复合句等方面有着重要的作用;特别是近几年的高考中也多次出现了对简单句的考查。因此,在教与学的过程中,师生都不可忽视简单句。下面我们就结合一下近几年的高考题,从以下几个方面谈谈简单句的用法:
1.从祈使句方面考查简单句。
从祈使句方面考查简单句是近几年高考考查的热点,它主要从以下几个角度来考查的:
1).在“祈使句+and/or+主语+will +其他成分”句型中考查。(祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系时用and,当二者存在一种否定条件关系时用or。)
【考题1.】 _____ and I’ll get the work finished.
A .Have one more hour B.One more hour
C.Give one more hour D.If I have one more hour (06/重庆/27)
【点评】B.本题考查是句式。它是“祈使句+and/or+主语+will +其他成分”句型的一个特殊句型即用名词和名
词短语做祈使句,完整句型为:“名词/名词短语+主语+will +其他”.如:Five minutes earlier and we
could have caught the last bus. 如果我们再早五分钟的话,可能会赶上最后一趟班车。
【考题2】Start out right away, ______you’ll miss the first train.
A.and B. but C. or D. while (06/四川/24)
【点评】C.这个是考查“祈使句+and/or+主语+will +其他成分”句型中的连词的用法,or 表示“否则”。
2).在祈使句和祈使句的反意疑问句中的考查。
【考题1】.Mary ,_____here—everybody else, stay where you are.
A .come B.comes C.to come D.coming (06/全国Ⅰ/35)
【点评】A . 带呼语的祈使句。如:Alice ,you open the door. Alice,你打开门。
【考题2】We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, ______?
A. do you B. can you C. will you D. shall we (06/全国II/7)
【点评】C.let us 引导的反意疑问句一般用will you .
2.在简短对话或者是疑问句方面的考查。
【考题1】─ Will you be able to finish your report today?
─ ____.
A. I like it B. I hope so C. I'll do so D. I'd love it (06/全国II/6)
【点评】B.根据语境,考查的是情景对话中的简单句的用法。
【考题2】— Is your headache getting ______?
— No, it's worse.
A. better B. bad C. less D. well (05/全国II/6)
【点评】A.根据所提供的情景“No, it's worse.”可以判断应该是不是好些;同时,也是考查简单句的结构。
【考题3】---what should I do with this passage ?
---____the main idea of each paragraph.
A.Finding out B.Found out C.Find out D. To find out (05/重庆/31)
【点评】C.回答what 引导的特殊疑问句,回答用祈使句,用动词原形。
【考题4】Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, ______ she?
A. had B. did C. hadn't D. didn't (06/广东/27)
【点评】D.考反意疑问句。前句有明显的过去时间,故用过去时态,且前面的句子是肯定句。
3.在倒装句方面的考查。
【考题】At the foot of the mountain ___.
A. a village lie B. lies a village
C. does a village lie D. lying a village (06/四川/28)
【点评】B.考倒装,谓语动词放在主语之前;同时这也是简单句中的五种简单句之一。
【考题】─ It's ******* hot today, isn't it?
─ Yes. ____ yesterday.
A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it (06/福建/34)
【点评】A.考倒装,意思是:昨天也是。变成正常语序应该是:it was so yesterday.很明显是简单句中的五种简单句之一。
4.另外,简单句的还可以在感叹句或者是有插入语的句子方面考查。
【考题1】______role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.
A.How interesting B. How an interesting
C.What interesting D.What an interesting (02/春季上海/23)
【点评】D.这是对感叹句的考查。这是感叹句的一种形式,即:what +an/a+形容词/副词+名词+主语+谓语。例如:What a lovely day it is !多好的一天。除此以外,感叹句还有另外一种形式:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语。例如:How beautiful she is ! 她多么漂亮!
【考题2】Mum is coming. What present _____ for your birthday?
A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got (05/福建/26)
【点评】C.本题考查的是带插入语的特殊疑问句,但是当我们去掉“do you expect”后,这个句子很明显是简单句的一种。
1. Follow your doctor’s advice ,_____your cough will get worse. A.or B.and C.then. D.so. (05/辽宁/30) 2. Don’t be discouraged. ______things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life. A.Taking B.To take C.Take D.Taken (03/春季上海/34) 3. ─ I reminded you not to forget the appointment.
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