 被动语态
助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词
含有情态动词：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分辞
短语动词 ：example takes good care >> taken good care
虚拟语气
用来表示非真实的假设，表示命令、建议或说话人的主观愿望
条件从句 主句
违背现在事实 过去式 should / would / could / might + 动词原形
If the manager were here , he might make a decision immediately
违背过去事实 had + 过去分词 should / would / could / might + have + 过去分词
I could have done it better if I had been more careful
违背将来事实 should + 动词原形 should / would / could / might + 动词原形
were + 动词不定式( were to + 动词原形)
If it should rain tomorrow , what could we do ?
在下列结构的主语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气
It is necessary / imperative / important / essential / advisable that
It is proposed / desired / requested / suggested / recommended / demanded / decided / arranged that
混合虚拟句 条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，在时间上不一致，动词形式需要调整
If you had taken the medicine yesterday , you would be well now。
Suggest , order , ask , demand , command , request , require etc.这些动词的宾语从句用虚拟句， 在这些动词后面的宾语从句中，助动词一律是should 。
It is ( It was ) important ，其后的主语从句用虚拟语气，助动词用should 。
It is important that we ( should ) learn computer .
Wish + ( that ) 从句，通常表示不可能实现的愿望。 表示现在的动作或状态是，从句中的动词用过去时;表示过去的动作或状态时，从句中的动词用had + 过去分词。
但是，从句中动词用would (might ) + 动词原形时，表示现在或将来有可能实现的愿望
I wish I knew a little contract law . 但愿我知道一点合同法(我不知道)
I wish you would come tomorrow . 我希望你明天能来 (有可能来)
As if / as thought 引导的状语从句(或表语从句)中，常用虚拟语气。
如果从句表示的意思与现在事实相反，谓语动词则应使用过去式;
如果从句表示的意思与过去事实相反，谓语动词则使用 had + 过去分词的形式 。
基本句型
主语 + 谓语动词 The two-man spaceship took off this morning 。
主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 The drilling machine is making a hole 。
主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 The answer is off the point 。
主语 + 谓语动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
The new approach has saved us a great deal of time
主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 We like our guests to feel at home 。
常用连词
等立连词：and , so , not only ~ but also , neither ~ now , or , otherwise , either ~ or , but , yet , still , however , while ,whereas, for
常用关联词
主从连词 that , whether , if
连接代词 who , whom , whose , what , where , which
连接副词 when , where , why , how
倒装句
Never , Scarcely , hardly , rarely , little , nowhere , no sooner ~ than , not only , in no case , in no way , on no accoune , at no time , under no circumstances (这些词或词组放在句首作壮语时)
There be 句型和大多数的疑问句都是倒装句
Here , there , then , thus 等副词放在句首时，谓语动词为come , be , exist , follow 等不及物动词时，句子一般都为全部倒装 Here is a book for you . Here comes the bus .
句首为 so , nor , neither 等副词时、表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句时 ，句子为倒装
Richard can speak Japanese . So can his sister
在虚拟语气中，非真实条件从句中的连词省略时，句子为倒装。这时，倒装到主语前的助动次 had ,should 和动词were 。 Had I left a little earlier , I would have missed the train
so / nor / neither + 系动词/ 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语
表示前句中谓语所说明的情况也同样适用于后句中的主语，用到装。
He doesn’t like music . Nor / Neither do I .
在Hardly ~~ when 和 No sooner ~~ than 以及 Not until 的句型中，由于否定词或否定词组放在句首，主句部分中的主、谓要到装———助动词 + 主语 + 动词原形
No sooner had he got well than he left the hospital .
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