厦门市2022届高三毕业班第二次质量检测

英语

本试卷共12页。满分150分。

注意事项：

1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等信息填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?

A. £ 19. 15. B. £ 9. 18. C. £ 9. 15.

答案是C。

1. How does the man feel?

A. Relaxed. B. Confident. C. Anxious.

2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

A. Schoolmates. B. Brother and sister. C. Mother and son.

3. Whose books will Amy probably choose?

A. Dickens'. B. Agatha's. C. Conan's.

4. How does the woman speaker find the blanket?

A. Lovely. B. Low-key. C. Expensive.

5. Where does the conversation take place?

A. On a farm. B. At a chocolate shop. C. In a restaurant.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. How much does the man spend on other things monthly?

A. $300. B. $1, 465. C. $2, 365.

7. What will the man probably do to reduce the budget?

A. Bargain over the rent. B. Quit the gym membership. C. Cut expenses on shopping.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8. What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A. A fun run. B. A cartoon show. C. Free-gift delivery.

9. What will the man do?

A. Organize a fashion design show.

B. Wear a cartoon character costume.

C. Participate in making toy clothes.

10. Why does the woman help the man in the end?

A. To live up to his image. B. To push him to lose weight. C. To prepare him for the event.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11. What is Simon doing?

A. Exploring the coastline. B. Taking scenic pictures. C. Sharing his recent trip.

12. Where was Simon headed after landing?

A. Kyushu. B. Bay of Islands. C. Rotorua.

13. What might impress Kate most?

A. Beaches with clear water. B. Maori culture and history. C. The bubbling mud pool.

听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。

14. What are the speakers doing?

A. Enjoying a bus tour. B. Talking on the phone. C. Making a travel plan.

15. How far is it to the destination according to the man?

A. About 15 minutes' ride. B. About 30 minutes' ride. C. About 45 minutes' ride.

16. Where does the man live?

A. In the heart of downtown. B. On the north side of the park. C. On the south side of the city.

17. Why does Mina take the man's suggestion?

A. To adjust her schedule. B. To reach the destination faster. C. To improve her sense of time.

听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。

18. Who is John Russell?

A. A reporter. B. A detective. C. A researcher.

19. When do the seeds date back?

A. Over 23, 000 years. B. 21, 130 to 22, 800 years. C. 13, 000 to 26, 000 years.

20. Which continent did the past migration path link Alaska with?

A. Asia. B. Africa. C. America.

第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Letter 1 Your article （November） mentioned a doctor's visit for “heat and compression” treatment. I bought an inexpensive microwavable moist-heat eye compress online and use it for several minutes at bedtime to help open the oil glands. Plus, the warmth and ritual help me relax and fall asleep. No more messy washcloth compresses for me! —Julie Evans Minneapolis, Minnesota

Letter 2 The Quality Inn in Kodak, Tennessee, turning into a shelter during a historic winter storm showed so much kindness that I read the story twice （November）. For Sean Patel to open his hotel to locals in need during the storm and power outage, at Christmastime and for just $25 （the lowest price the corporate regulations would allow）, was priceless. The town is a better place because of Patel and his staff. —Annette Wolfe Shelton, Connecticut

Letter 3 You suggested using toothpicks to raise a pot lid and prevent the pot from boiling over （October）. I prevent boilovers by just laying a wooden spoon over the open pot. The spoon will pop most of the bubbles on contact—hasn't failed me yet! —Pam Snellgrove LaGrange Georgia

Letter 4 The story about a snorkeler, Carter Viss, who lost his arm after getting hit by a speedboat （October）—and then forgiving the driver—was among the most compelling I've ever read. Here was a story of health and loss, sea and shore, healing and the hope to endure out of the darkness into the light. Simply marvelous! —Leander Jones Northport, Alabama

1. Which of the following highlights Letter 1?

A. We Found a Fix. B. Dealing with Dry Eye.

C. Run Over by a Speedboat. D. So Nice You Have to Read It Twice.

2. Who forgave the driver after an accident?

A. Annette Wolfe. B. Pam Snellgrove.

C. Carter Viss. D. Leander Jones.

3. What do these four letters have in common?

A. They are notes on past issues. B. They give advice on how to read.

C. They are remarks on human virtues. D. They offer information about health.

【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是选自《读者文摘》的四封信。

【1题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一封信“I bought an inexpensive microwavable moist-heat eye compress online and use it for several minutes at bedtime to help open the oil glands. Plus, the warmth and ritual help me relax and fall asleep. ”（我在网上买了一款便宜的微波湿热眼袋，睡前用几分钟来帮助打开油腺。此外，温暖和仪式帮助我放松和入睡）可推知第一封信突出了我们找到了解决方法。故选A。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四封信“The story about a snorkeler, Carter Viss, who lost his arm after getting hit by a speedboat （October）—and then forgiving the driver—was among the most compelling I've ever read. ”（10月，一名潜水者卡特·维斯（Carter Viss）被一艘快艇撞到，失去了一只手臂，然后原谅了司机，这是我读过的最引人入胜的故事之一）可知Carter Viss在事故后原谅了司机。故选C。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据图片内容“anniversary issue”（周年纪念特刊）以及四封信的具体内容，可知这四封信的共同之处是它们是对过去事情的注释。故选A。
 

B

I live in Xizhou in Yunnan Province, on the historic Tea Horse Road. I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn't imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world.

Last May, I met Paul. He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu-Yandu Dao （the Southern Silk Road）, the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a sense Chinese pioneers of slow journalism.

I decided to accompany Paul on his walk toward Yunnan. On September 28, 2021, we set out. Our days were simple: walk, eat, sleep, and repeat. We woke up at sunrise, set off in high spirits, and rested at sunset, dragging ourselves into exhausted sleep.

We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us； some gave us directions； some invited us into their home to take a rest； some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds.

Together, we were impressed by the biodiversity of the Gaoligong Mountains. As I walked on ancient paths through mountains, I seemed to hear the antique voices of past travelers urging me to be careful on the road.

Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other's cultures.

4. How did the writer first respond to Paul's travel plan?

A. Scared. B. Puzzled. C. Disappointed. D. Surprised.

5. What can we learn about Paul Salopek from paragraph 2?

A. He was a western journalist. B. He had a knowledge of China.

C. He came to China several times. D. He was Joseph Rock's acquaintance.

6. What does paragraph 4 tell us about the writer and Paul?

A. They honored the ancestors. B. They set off in high spirits.

C. They satisfied the locals' curiosity. D. They built bonds with people.

7. What is the main purpose of the writer's writing the text?

A. To share and reflect on a journey. B. To suggest a new way of travel.

C. To advocate protection of biodiversity. D. To introduce and promote Chinese culture.

【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D 7. A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者住在云南喜洲，在历史悠久的茶马古道上，遇到了要用双脚环游地球的保罗·萨洛佩克，决定陪保罗去云南。描述了他们路上的见闻和感悟。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中“I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn't imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world. （我不得不承认，当我第一次听说保罗·萨洛佩克要用自己的双脚环游地球时，我被震撼了。我无法想象世界上会有这样一个不寻常的人）”可推知，作者最初对保罗的旅行计划感到吃惊。故选D。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“Last May, I met Paul. He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu-Yandu Dao （the Southern Silk Road）, the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a sense Chinese pioneers of slow journalism. （去年五月，我遇到了保罗。他告诉我这是他第一次来中国。他兴奋地跟我讲起我所在的中国地区的历史、移民和发现。他谈到了南方丝绸之路，17世纪中国探险家徐霞客的旅行，茶马之路，以及20世纪初美国植物学家约瑟夫·洛克。他还谈到了玄奘。保罗认为其中许多人都是英雄，从某种意义上说，他们是中国慢新闻的先驱）”可知，保罗·萨洛佩克对中国有一定的了解。故选B。

【6题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第四段“We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us； some gave us directions； some invited us into their home to take a rest； some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds. （我们在路上遇到了许多人。有些人很好奇，围着我们，看着我们；有人给我们指路；有些人邀请我们去他们家休息；一些人谈到了家乡的魅力。我们遇见了许多美丽的灵魂，朴素的灵魂和温暖的灵魂。我们在用我们的思想行走）”可知，第四段主要说明了作者和保罗与人们建立了联系。故选D。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other's cultures. （回顾我和保罗一起走过的200多英里，我有了一个认识。步行本身的好处，虽然健康和令人钦佩，但只是步行好处的一小部分。更深层次的回报是重新发现我们周围的世界，缩短彼此之间的距离，分享彼此的文化）”结合文章主要讲述了作者住在云南喜洲，在历史悠久的茶马古道上，遇到了要用双脚环游地球的保罗·萨洛佩克，决定陪保罗去云南。描述了他们路上的见闻和感悟。可推知，文章的目的是分享和回顾一段旅程。故选A。
 

C

Time zones were created by railroad officials to deal with a major headache. It was becoming impossible to know what time it was. At that time each town or city in the US kept its own solar time. “Fifty-six standards of time are now employed by the various railroads in preparing their schedules of running time,” reported The New York Timeson April 19, 1883.

In 1883, railroad representatives attended the General Railroad Time Convention. On April 11, railroad officials agreed to create five time zones in North America. And the new standard took effect on November 18, 1883.

Though the new time standard was not sanctionedby the federal government, the Naval Observatory in Washington offered to send, by telegraph, a new time signal so people could synchronize （同步） their watches. Most people had no objection to the new time standard. An article in The New York Timeson November 16, 1883 noted, “The passenger from Chicago to New Orleans, can make the entire run without changing his watch. ”

As the time change was instituted by the railroads, and voluntarily accepted by many towns and cities, some incidents of confusion appeared. A report in The Philadelphia Inquireron November 21, 1883, described an incident where a debtor had been ordered to report to a Boston courtroom before 10:00. He appeared at 9:48, standard time, but was ruled that it was after 10:00.

Incidents like that demonstrated the need for everyone to adopt the new standard time. However, there were objections. An item in The New York Timeson June 28, 1884, detailed how the city of Louisville had given up on standard time. Louisville set all its clocks ahead 18 minutes to return to solar time.

By the 1890s, standard time and time zones were accepted as ordinary. The successful adoption in the US in 1883 set an example of how time zones could spread across the globe. The following year, a conference in Paris created the time zones worldwide and eventually they came into use.

8. What was the headache of the railroad officers?

A. Various railroads. B. Different solar times.

C. Endless conferences. D. Frequent press coverage.

9. What does the underlined word “sanctioned” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Approved. B. Replaced.

C. Tested. D. Raised.

10. Evidence of opposition to standard time was available in __________.

A. The New York Times（April 19, 1883）

B. The New York Times（November 16, 1883）

C. The Philadelphia Inquirer（November 21, 1883）

D. The New York Times（June 28, 1884）

11. What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A. The US simplified time zones. B. Paris created its time zone.

C. Time zones went worldwide. D. Time zones proved effective.

【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了时区是怎么来的。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段“At that time each town or city in the US kept its own solar time. ”可知，让铁路官员头疼的是美国的每个城镇都有自己的太阳时，即：不同的太阳时，故选B。

【9题详解】

词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“the Naval Observatory in Washington offered to send, by telegraph, a new time signal so people could synchronize their watches. ”（但华盛顿的海军天文台提出通过电报发送新的时间信号，以便人们可以同步到手表）及表示让步转折的Though可知，新的时间标准没有得到联邦政府的批准，由此可知划线词词义为“批准”，故选A。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段“A report in The Philadelphia Inquirer on November 21, 1883, described an incident where a debtor had been ordered to report to a Boston courtroom before 10:00. He appeared at 9:48, standard time, but was ruled that it was after 10:00. ”（1883年11月21日，《费城问询报》的一篇报道描述了一个事件，一名债务人被要求在10:00前向波士顿法院报告。他在标准时间9:48出现，但被裁定是在10:00之后）可知，反对标准时间的证据可以在1883年11月21日的《费城问询报》找到，故选C。

【11题详解】

段落大意题。根据最后一段“By the 1890s, standard time and time zones were accepted as ordinary. The successful adoption in the US in 1883 set an example of how time zones could spread across the globe. The following year, a conference in Paris created the time zones worldwide and eventually they came into use. ”（到了19世纪90年代，标准时区被视为普通时区。1883年在美国的成功采用为时区如何在全球传播树立了榜样。第二年，在巴黎召开的一次会议确立了全球时区，并最终投入使用）可知，本段主要介绍了时区走向全球，即：全球都采用时区标准，故选C。
 

D

Compared to metal, ceramics （陶瓷） can better resist high temperatures and certain severe environments, but they are fragile. This potentially causes problems for innovators trying to create lightweight versions of these materials, explaining why ceramic materials are not typically used as structural components.

Facing the challenging task of developing lightweight, high-strength ceramic materials, Mechanical Engineering Assistant Professor Ling Li has turned to the knobby sea star from the tropical Indo-Pacific for design inspiration.

Sea star skeletons （骨骼） are made of an easily broken material. However, the body of the sea star demonstrates high strength and flexibility. Uncovering the principles of this structure may help solve the challenges of making stronger ceramics.

What the team found was unexpected. The skeleton of the knobby star consists of many millimeter-sized skeletal elements. Li and his team discovered that each is constructed of a microlattice （微晶） structure so uniform that it can be described mathematically. Even more interesting, the team found the uniform structure of the microlattice is essentially a single crystal structure at atomic level.

Based on the finding, Li and his collaborators used 3D printing to model and generate large-scale versions of these complex lattice structures, a useful approach in understanding the complexity of these unique geometries. While the 3D-printed models created by Li's team were indeed visually inspiring, the technology needed to bring new, stronger ceramic micro-architectures to market still lay in the future. Currently, 3D printers produce structures at the micrometer level, but printing ceramics still requires firing the final product, which possibly introduces many uncontrolled tiny holes and cracks. These make the structures extremely fragile.

Li hopes that continued advances in the field of 3D printing and further understanding of the formation mechanisms of biological structures like sea star skeletons eventually offer a solution.

12. What does Li's team mainly focus on to improve ceramics?

A. Their strength. B. Their flexibility.

C. Their heat-resistance. D. Their main component.

13. In which aspect do the researchers explore sea star skeletons?

A. Function. B. Material. C. Structure. D. Size.

14. What is a barrier to the practical application of the finding?

A. The inability to print tiny structures.

B. The failure to produce a larger sea star model.

C. Inadequate technology in heating products.

D. Misunderstanding in the nature of ceramics.

15. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. The Secret in Fragile Skeletons

B. 3D Printing for Sea Star Models

C. Ceramics as Perfect Structural Components

D. A Star in the World of Ceramic Engineering

【答案】12. A 13. C 14. C 15. D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文，陶瓷比金属能更好地承受高温和腐蚀性环境，但其易碎性往往使其容易断裂，弗吉尼亚理工大学教授通过研究海星骨骼，为制作更坚固的轻质陶瓷指明了方向。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中“but they are fragile（但是它们易碎）”及第三段最后一句“Uncovering the principles of this structure may help solve the challenges of making stronger ceramics. （揭示这种结构的原理可能有助于解决制造更强陶瓷的挑战。）”可知，陶瓷易碎，Li的团队主要专注于坚固性来改进陶瓷。故选A项。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Sea star skeletons （骨骼） are made of an easily broken material. However, the body of the sea star demonstrates high strength and flexibility. Uncovering the principles of this structure may help solve the challenges of making stronger ceramics. （海星的骨骼是由一种容易破碎的物质构成的。然而，海星的身体显示出高强度和灵活性。揭示这种结构的原理可能有助于解决制造更强陶瓷的挑战。）”可知，研究人员探索的是海星骨骼的结构。故选C项。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Currently, 3D printers produce structures at the micrometer level, but printing ceramics still requires firing the final product, which possibly introduces many uncontrolled tiny holes and cracks. （目前，3D打印机在微米级生产结构，但印刷陶瓷仍然需要烧制最终产品，这可能引入许多无法控制的微孔和裂缝。）”可知，烧制产品技术不足是这一发现应用到实际中的障碍。故选C项。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段最后一句“Uncovering the principles of this structure may help solve the challenges of making stronger ceramics. （揭示这种结构的原理可能有助于解决制造更强陶瓷的挑战。）”可知，文章主要讲述弗吉尼亚理工大学教授通过研究海星骨骼，为制作更坚固的轻质陶瓷指明了方向。故D项“陶瓷工程界之星”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
 

第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Research shows that we spend one-third to one-half of our waking life not living in the present. ___16___Our brains transport us to past events, imagined future scenes and other internal thoughts.

This allows for introspection （内省） — the space to imagine, remember, reflect and then use these fantasies to solve problems, innovate and create. But introspection can sometimes lead to more harm than good. ___17___When we focus inward to work through our problems, we may find that doing so causes us to feel worse. Negative thought cycles like this can make our capacity for introspection feel more like a curse than a blessing.

The fact that introspection is both a helpful tool and destructive force is a great contradiction of the human mind. Fortunately, science has begun to explain why this happens, and how to control it.

___18___This fires up our emotions to the degree of rejecting alternative ways of thinking about the issue that might cool us down. In other words, we lose insight. One natural solution to this problem is to zoom out — to “step back” from your problems so you can think about them more objectively. ___19___However, not just any conversation will do. The key is to focus on talking to people who not only allow you to express your emotions but also help broaden your horizons.

Introspection is central to the makeup of the human mind. The challenge is to minimize the negative aspects while achieving its potential. ___20___

A. But it can be wonderful to live in the past.

B. We naturally separate from the here and now.

C. It might contribute to anxiety and depression.

D. Another way to gain insight is to talk to others.

E. Regulating negative emotions also helps to reason wisely.

F. Negative thought cycles occur when we zoom in too close on our problems.

G. Being aware of how our minds work can help us make the best of introspection.

【答案】16. B 17. C 18. F 19. D 20. E

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，我们醒着的时候，有三分之一到一半的时间都不是活在当下，我们的大脑把我们带到过去的事件，想象未来的场景和其他内在的想法，这也给了我们自省的空间。文章主要说明了自省的好处以及弊端。

【16题详解】

根据上文“Research shows that we spend one-third to one-half of our waking life not living in the present. （研究表明，我们醒着的时候，有三分之一到一半的时间都不是活在当下）”以及后文“Our brains transport us to past events, imagined future scenes and other internal thoughts. （我们的大脑把我们带到过去的事件，想象未来的场景和其他内在的想法）”可知，上文提到有三分之一到一半的时间都不是活在当下，后文则说我们的大脑把我们带到过去的事件，可见我们总是与此时此地的事物相分离。故B选项“我们自然地与此时此地分离”符合语境，故选B。

【17题详解】

根据上文“This allows for introspection （内省） — the space to imagine, remember, reflect and then use these fantasies to solve problems, innovate and create. But introspection can sometimes lead to more harm than good. （这给了我们自省的空间——想象、回忆、反思，然后利用这些幻想来解决问题、创新和创造。但自省有时弊大于利）”以及后文“When we focus inward to work through our problems, we may find that doing so causes us to feel worse. Negative thought cycles like this can make our capacity for introspection feel more like a curse than a blessing. （当我们集中精力解决问题时，我们可能会发现这样做会让我们感觉更糟。像这样的消极思想循环会让我们的自省能力感觉更像是一种诅咒而不是一种祝福）”可知，本句承接上文进一步解释说明自省带来的弊端，故C选项“它可能会导致焦虑和抑郁”符合语境，故选C。

【18题详解】

根据后文“This fires up our emotions to the degree of rejecting alternative ways of thinking about the issue that might cool us down. In other words, we lose insight. One natural solution to this problem is to zoom out — to “step back” from your problems so you can think about them more objectively. （这将我们的情绪激发到拒绝其他可能让我们冷静下来的思考问题的方式的程度。换句话说，我们失去了洞察力。解决这个问题的一个自然的办法是缩小范围——从你的问题中“退一步”，这样你就可以更客观地思考它们）”可知，后文提到从自己的问题中“后退一步”就可以更客观地思考它们，即建议不要过于关注自己的问题。故F选项“当我们过于关注自己的问题时，消极思维循环就会发生”符合语境，故选F。

【19题详解】

根据后文“However, not just any conversation will do. The key is to focus on talking to people who not only allow you to express your emotions but also help broaden your horizons. （然而，并不是任何对话都可以。关键是要专注于与那些不仅能让你表达情感，还能开阔你视野的人交谈）”可知，后文提到了和人对话的注意事项。由此可知，本句是在建议获得洞察力的方法是和别人交谈。故D选项“另一种获得洞察力的方法是和别人交谈”符合语境，故选D。

【20题详解】

根据上文“Introspection is central to the makeup of the human mind. The challenge is to minimize the negative aspects while achieving its potential. （自省是构成人类心灵的核心。我们面临的挑战是在发挥其潜力的同时尽量减少其负面影响）”可知，上文提到了减少负面影响，本句为本段最后一句，应说明调节负面情绪的好处。故E选项“调节负面情绪也有助于理智思考”符合语境，故选E。
 

第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

I love and enjoy playing the piano. So when the recital （音乐演奏会） was ___21___, I was disappointed. I had expected it for long and already ___22___my best songs.

However, Mom turned this ___23___into something worthwhile. “You should ___24___at Carriage House Manor. I'm sure the ___25___there would really appreciate the music. ” To me, this was a win-win situation because not only would I play more songs, but I have the chance to ___26___the residents, some of whom tragically didn't have families.

The much-anticipated day ___27___arrived. Stepping into the dining area, I saw several gray-haired people seemingly enjoying a dinner and the ___28___. Despite on-going conversations at tables, ___29___still hung like a dark cloud in the room. After introductions, I sat down in front of the piano, butterflies in my stomach. But my ____30____melted away as I played on.

The dinner hour flew by. One woman got up and began to cheerfully ____31____about the room to the beat of the ____32____while others snapped their fingers （打响指）. I was ____33____to see how music brought big smiles to their faces.

Calling off the recital was a blessing because it led to us ____34____the gift of music with those who needed it most. Go spread ____35____whenever possible.

21. A. cancelled B. sponsored C. organized D. postponed

22. A. recorded B. prepared C. composed D. sung

23. A. burnout B. letdown C. getaway D. turnaround

24. A. relax B. investigate C. perform D. wait

25. A. seniors B. nurses C. guards D. musicians

26. A. cheer up B. settle down C. comment on D. hunt for

27. A. simply B. accidentally C. finally D. nearly

28. A. freedom B. vacation C. company D. privilege

29. A. silence B. horror C. confusion D. loneliness

30. A. desperation B. nervousness C. frustration D. embarrassment

31. A. spin B. wander C. dance D. glance

32. A. drums B. heart C. words D. music

33. A. determined B. upset C. curious D. amazed

34. A. carrying B. exchanging C. discussing D. sharing

35. A. faith B. kindness C. message D. awareness

【答案】21. A 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. D 34. D 35. B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的音乐会被取消，感到很失望。在妈妈的建议下，作者去马车之家庄园演奏，为孤独的老人带来欢乐。

【21题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以当音乐演奏会被取消时，我很失望。A. cancelled取消；B. sponsored发起；C. organized组织；D. postponed推迟。根据“I was disappointed. I had expected it for long and already ___2___my best songs. ”可知，作者期待已久的音乐演奏会被取消。故选A。

【22题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：我期待了很久，已经准备好了我最好的歌曲。A. recorded记录；B. prepared准备；C. composed作曲；D. sung唱。根据“So when the recital （音乐演奏会） was ___1___, I was disappointed. ”可知，作者为音乐演奏会准备好了最好的歌曲。故选B。

【23题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，妈妈把这种失望变成了有意义的事情。A. burnout烧坏；B. letdown失望；C. getaway逃走；D. turnaround好转。根据“I was disappointed. ”可知，妈妈把作者的失望变成有意义的事情。故选B。

【24题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：你应该到马车之家庄园去表演。A. relax放松；B. investigate调查；C. perform表演；D. wait等待。根据“I had expected it for long and already ___2___my best songs. ”可知，妈妈建议作者去马车之家庄园去表演准备好的歌曲。故选C。

【25题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信那里的老年人一定会喜欢这些音乐的。A. seniors年长者；B. nurses护士；C. guards警卫；D. musicians音乐家。根据“Stepping into the dining area, I saw several gray-haired people seemingly enjoying a dinner and the ___8___. ”可知，马车之家庄园里住着老人。故选A。

【26题详解】

考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：对我来说，这是一个双赢的局面，因为我不仅会演奏更多的歌曲，而且我有机会让居民高兴起来，不幸的是，其中一些人没有家庭。A. cheer up高兴起来；B. settle down定居；C. comment on对……评论；D. hunt for寻找。根据“this was a win-win situation”和“some of whom tragically didn't have families. ”可知，作者可以通过演奏歌曲让不幸的居民高兴起来。故选A。

【27题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：万众期待的那一天终于到来了。A. simply简单地；B. accidentally偶然地；C. finally最终；D. nearly几乎。根据“I had expected it for long and already ___2___my best songs. ”可知，作者期待已久演奏的那一天终于到来了。故选C。

【28题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：走进用餐区，我看到几个头发花白的人似乎在享受晚餐和陪伴。A. freedom自由；B. vacation假期；C. company陪伴；D. privilege特权。根据“I saw several gray-haired people seemingly enjoying a dinner”可知，作者准备演奏时，恰好是老人在享受晚餐和陪伴的时间。故选C。

【29题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管餐桌上的谈话不断，但孤独仍像乌云一样笼罩着房间。A. silence沉默；B. horror恐怖；C. confusion混淆；D. loneliness孤独。根据“some of whom tragically didn't have families. ”可知，其中一些人失去了家庭成员，所以很孤独。故选D。

【30题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当我继续演奏时，我的紧张感消失了。A. desperation绝望；B. nervousness紧张；C. frustration挫折；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据“After introductions, I sat down in front of the piano, butterflies in my stomach. ”可知，作者刚开始演奏时很紧张。故选B。

【31题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：一名女子站起来，随着音乐的节拍欢快地在房间里跳舞，其他人打着响指。A. spin旋转；B. wander漫步；C. dance跳舞；D. glance一瞥。根据“One woman got up”可知，这位女子站起来随着音乐的节拍跳舞。故选C。

【32题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：一名女子站起来，随着音乐的节拍欢快地在房间里跳舞，其他人打着响指。A. drums鼓；B. heart心脏；C. words词；D. music音乐。根据“One woman got up and began to cheerfully ___11___about the room”可知，女子随着音乐的节拍跳舞。故选D。

【33题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很惊讶地看到音乐是如何让他们的脸上绽放笑容的。A. determined有决心的；B. upset沮丧的；C. curious好奇的；D. amazed惊讶的。根据“see how music brought big smiles to their faces. ”可知，作者看到他们的脸上绽放笑容很惊讶。故选D。

【34题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：取消演奏会是一件好事，因为它让我们把音乐的天赋分享给最需要它的人。A. carrying携带；B. exchanging交换；C. discussing讨论；D. sharing分享。根据“Calling off the recital was a blessing”可知，作者把取消的音乐演奏会分享给有需要的人。故选D。

【35题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：只要有可能，就去传播善意。A. faith信任；B. kindness善良；C. message信息；D. awareness认识。根据“whenever possible. ”可知，作者建议：无论什么时候，只要有可能，尽可能去传播善良。故选B。
 

第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Many excellent warship crews have been trained on aircraft carrier the Liaoning of the People's Liberation Army Navy. As the only female deck operation officer on it, Remila Dabul of Kazak ethnicity （哈萨克族）, whose story ___36___（report） by the media in January, has attracted much public attention.

Before working on the deck, Remila was a radar and telephone ___37___（operate）. But when she first saw a J-15 fighter taking off, the idea of working alongside it crossed her mind. ___38___eager was she to be a crew member that she overcame many difficulties and ultimately became ___39___（qualify）.

During her work, Remila wears a blue helmet, goggles, and blue suits. After a J-15 lands, ___40___she needs to do is carry the heavy wire after ___41___（get） signals and run to the fighter to take a series of actions for a quick installation. “The higher risk our work is, the ___42___（firm） belief we should have,” said Remila. She has put her belief ___43___practice in her daily security and guarantee work.

This year, Remila spent her ___44___（five） Spring Festival aboard the carrier. Remila said, “I miss my parents in Xinjiang. I love my career and ____45____（be） willing to shoulder the responsibility to safeguard the happiness and peaceful life of millions of families in the motherland. ”

【答案】36. was reported

37. operator

38. So39. qualified

40. what41. getting

42. firmer43. into

44. fifth45. am

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了辽宁舰上唯一一名女性甲板作战官——哈萨克族的雷米拉·达布尔。

【36题详解】

考查时态和语态。句意：今年1月，媒体报道了哈萨克族的雷米拉·达布尔的故事，她是船上唯一一名女性甲板作战官，引起了公众的广泛关注。根据时间状语in January可知，用一般过去时。名词story与report之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was reported。

【37题详解】

考查名词。句意：在甲板上工作之前，瑞米拉是一名雷达和电话操作员。根据不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形式。telephone operator电话操作员。故填operator。

【38题详解】

考查固定结构。句意：她是如此渴望成为一名船员，她克服了许多困难，最终成为合格的。在“so. . . that…如此……以至于……”结构中，若将so +adj. /adv. 置于句首，则其后的主句要用部分倒装。故填So。

【39题详解】

考查形容词。句意：她是如此渴望成为一名船员，她克服了许多困难，最终成为合格的。系动词became后接形容词作表语。主语是人，所以用-ed形式形容词。故填qualified。

【40题详解】

考查名词性从句。句意：J-15着陆后，她需要做的是在收到信号后，携带沉重的电线跑到战斗机上，采取一系列快速安装的行动。本句为主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。

【41题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：J-15着陆后，她需要做的是在收到信号后，携带沉重的电线跑到战斗机上，采取一系列快速安装的行动。介词after后接动名词形式。故填getting。

【42题详解】

考查比较级。句意：“我们的工作风险越大，我们的信念就越坚定，”雷米拉说。“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构，表示“越……，越……”。故填firmer。

【43题详解】

考查介词。句意：她把自己的信念贯彻到日常的安全保障工作中。put…into practice 把……付诸实践。故填into。

【44题详解】

考查序数词。句意：今年，瑞米拉在航母上度过了她的第五个春节。表示“第五个春节”，所以用序数词形式。故填fifth。

【45题详解】

考查时态。句意：瑞米拉说：“我想念我在新疆的父母。我热爱我的事业，愿意承担起维护祖国千百万家庭幸福安宁生活的责任。”根据并列连词and前句时态可知，用一般现在时。故填am。
 

第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

46. 你校英语俱乐部将举办英语演讲比赛，请以Family Education Shapes Me为主题，写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：

1. 良好的家庭教育方式；

2. 成长的启示。

注意：1. 词数80左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【答案】Good morning, boys and girls,

The topic of my speech today is Family Education Shapes Me. Family education has always deeply influenced me. It has benefited me a lot.

Remember once, my teacher gave me a prize when I got full marks in an exam. But when I got home, my mother found a mistake on the paper and asked me to explain the situation to the teacher. I did what mom said. The teacher asked me to keep the prize as a reward for my honesty. Although I lost full marks, I gained the most beautiful qualities. My honest family upbringing has served me well all my life and has cleared away many obstacles in my life. Thank you for your listening!

【解析】

【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以Family Education Shapes Me为主题，写一篇演讲稿。

【详解】1. 词汇积累

演讲：speech→lecture

影响：influence→affect

奖励：prize→award

获得：gain→receive

2. 句式拓展

简单句变复合句

原句：Family education has always deeply influenced me. It has benefited me a lot.

拓展句：Family education has always deeply influenced me, which has benefited me a lot.

【点睛】[高分句型1] Remember once, my teacher gave me a prize when I got full marks in an exam. （运用了when引导时间状语从句）

[高分句型2] I did what mom said. （运用了what引导宾语从句）
 

第二节（满分25分）

47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Shrieking Toad and Dancing Ant

Kids got nicknames at a summer camp, and mine is Shrieking Toad （尖叫的蛤蟆）. I guess it was my fault that I couldn't get a cool one.

A bunch of us campers were on our first nature walk. When we broke for lunch, we sat down on logs. I was on my nuts when a tree frog dropped onto my shirt from the branches above. I shrieked. It was totally unconscious and I didn't even know I could make a sound like that. Most kids forgot about it except Stan. Whenever I walked by, he'd shout, “Shrieking Toad, show us how you can hop!” I corrected him that it had been an eastern gray tree frog, not a toad, but that just made things worse.

Three days later, Counselor Matt announced we would be paired for a treasure hunt. Excited whispers spread through the camp. But when he read “Jay and Stan” as a team, my nerves got completely fried. Stan shouted, “Great! Shrieking Toad!” Then he called to the group, and I went red at what came out of his mouth. “Guys, if mosquitoes are bugging you, ask Shrieking Toad to eat them. Toads love bugs!” Kids roared with laughter.

After all the teams wandered off, Stan and I were alone. Then I had a great idea, surprising myself that I hadn't thought of it earlier. I suggested we split up so as to have a better chance of finding treasures. “Yeah, I'd better do what I'm toad （told）. ” Stan laughed and set off.

Ten minutes later, I heard something that reminded me of myself a few days ago. I ran toward the sound. I never would have believed it if I hadn't seen it with my own eyes. Stan was jumping around near a mud pool like a monkey, shrieking and yelling something that sounded jumping around near a mud pool like a monkey, shrieking and yelling something that sounded like “Dance! Dance!” Seeing him scratching at his body and hitting at his clothes made me realize what he was really saying: “Ants! Ants!”

注意：

1. 续写词数应为150左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

I rushed towards Stan and tried to help him.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

That night, we all routinely sat around the campfire and I saw Stan's worry as clear as daylight.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】Para 1:

I rushed towards Stan and tried to help him. He was hitting his clothes violently. I did what must be done. I pulled him into a mud pool. He was shocked at first, and then he must have realized why I did it. The ants went away. Since Stan and I were both covered in mud, we decided to head back. “I guess you’re going to have a pretty good story for everyone,” Stan said awkwardly. “Yeah, I guess so. You’ll probably be known as Dancing Ant from now on. ”

Para 2:

That night, we all routinely sat around the campfire and I saw Stan's worry as clear as daylight. I knew how it felt to be teased； it wasn’t fun. I could see Stan’s worry which then turned into surprise. The next day when I was picked for a basketball team, someone called, “Unfair! Shrieking Toad’s a natural jumper!” Stan shouted, “Knock it off, guys. His name is Jay. ” I wouldn’t have minded being given a cool nickname. But being known as plain “Jay”, and Stan’s friend, turned out to be cool too.

【解析】

【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者参加夏令营时，被掉在身上的树蛙吓得惊叫，一块露营的Stan给作者取外号“尖叫的蛤蟆”，而且作者每次经过他身边时，他总是拿此取笑作者。几天后他被蚂蚁吓得手忙脚乱，大声呼叫，正好被作者遇到了。

【详解】1. 段落续写：

①由第一段首句内容“我冲向Stan，试图帮助他。”可知，第一段可描写Stan被蚂蚁吓到后的场面以及作者是如何帮助Stan的。

②由第二段首句内容“那天晚上，我们照例围坐在营火旁，我清楚地看到Stan的担忧。”可知，第二段可描写作者没有嘲笑Stan，以及解释作者这样做的原因。

2. 续写线索：作者帮助Stan——Stan吃惊——Stan担忧被嘲笑——Stan维护作者——作者感悟

3. 词汇激活

行为类

拍打：hit/pat

决定：decide to/ determine to

嘲笑：tease/laugh at

情绪类

吃惊：shocked /surprised

尴尬：awkwardly / embarrassedly

【点睛】[高分句型1] Since Stan and I were both covered in mud, we decided to head back. （运用了since引导原因状语从句）

[高分句型2] But being known as plain “Jay”, and Stan’s friend, turned out to be cool too. （运用了动名词作主语）